Page is sometimes broken

Dear Helper ,
I use categories and tags on my page. I figured out that if somebody is Googling for my page, and finds the link on Google which contains these categories or tags, then the page what the user will see after clicking is completly broken – from appearance point of view. For example the header is as big as the whole page and the whole structure becames different. This problem appears only if the link you are clicking on in Google contains the word ‘category’ or ‘tag’. Things what I already checked/tried:
– as the categories are not built, but we are using a Divi default theme; we already tried to ask for some tricks and tips from you guys. It was told that the problem could be caused by a 3rd party plugin or some conflict with other codes, so we should enable the Safe Mode from the Support Center and see if the issue is fixed. We did it but unfortunately the issue is still the same. :-(
– we already checked the settings of Categories in WP/Yoast SEO/Search appearance and Categories are enabled to show in search results.
I attached a picture which hopefully shows the problem.

Can you please help and tell me what can be the root cause of this issue?
Thank you in advance
Niki